As May arrives, we not only embrace the blossoming of spring but also prepare ourselves for the increasing presence of the sun’s warm embrace. May marks National Sun Awareness Month, making it an opportune time to delve into the fascinating interplay between sunlight, our skin, and our psychological well-being. 

The Power of the Sun 

The sun is undeniably potent in its effects on our bodies and minds. It provides us with essential Vitamin D, crucial for bone health and immune function. Exposure to sunlight can also improve mood and help regulate our internal body clock, influencing our sleep patterns and overall sense of well-being (Sarkar, 2017; Siraji et al., 2023).

However, it’s vital to strike a balance. While some sun exposure is beneficial, overexposure can lead to skin damage, premature aging, and an increased risk of skin cancer. This is why sun awareness is so important – to enjoy the sun safely and responsibly! 

Your Skin and Sun Protection 

Understanding your skin type and its unique needs is key to protecting yourself from the sun’s rays. Those with fair skin are more prone to sunburn and require extra caution, whereas darker skin tones have more natural protection but are still vulnerable to sun damage. 

Always use sunscreen with a high SPF (Sun Protector Factor), even on cloudy days, and reapply regularly, especially if you’re outdoors for an extended period. Wearing protective clothing, hats, and sunglasses can further shield you from harmful UV rays. 

Summer Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) 

Summer Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a mood disorder that typically begins and ends around the same time each year, usually starting in late spring or early summer and resolving in the fall (Rosenthal, 2023). We often associate SAD with winter, when shorter days and less sunlight can lead to feelings of depression and lethargy. However, some individuals experience a different form of SAD in the summer months, known as reverse SAD (Sarkar, 2017). 

The exact cause of summer SAD is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to changes in light exposure and its effect on certain neurotransmitters in the brain, such as serotonin.

What Does it Feel Like?  

As observed by the Cleaveland Clinic (n.d.), individuals experiencing summer SAD may exhibit a range of symptoms, including: 

1. Anxiety and Irritability: Increased exposure to sunlight and heat can lead to feelings of restlessness, anxiety, and irritability. 
2. Insomnia or Poor Sleep: Longer daylight hours and higher temperatures may disrupt sleep patterns, leading to difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. 
3. Loss of Appetite: Some individuals may experience a decrease in appetite, which can result in weight loss or changes in eating habits 
4. Agitation and Restlessness: The intensity of summer can trigger feelings of agitation and restlessness in those with summer SAD. 
5. Depressive Symptoms: While less common than with winter SAD, some individuals may experience depressive symptoms such as low mood, loss of interest in activities, and feelings of hopelessness. 

How Does it Affect Someone Suffering from It? 

Summer SAD can significantly impact an individual’s quality of life and daily functioning during the warmer months. The symptoms of summer SAD can interfere with work, social relationships, and overall well-being, making it challenging to enjoy typical summer activities.

SAD can be an isolating experience for those affected, primarily because it is often underestimated or overlooked compared to its winter counterpart. This lack of awareness can leave individuals feeling alone in their struggles, as their symptoms may not align with the general expectation of joy and excitement that comes with warmer weather. 

Isolation and Misunderstanding. One of the most challenging aspects of summer SAD is the sense of isolation it can bring. While friends and family are out enjoying outdoor activities and basking in the sun, individuals with summer SAD may find themselves withdrawing or avoiding social gatherings due to their symptoms. This isolation can be compounded by a lack of understanding from others who may not recognize the validity or severity of summer SAD. 

Feeling “Not Normal”.  It’s common for individuals with summer SAD to feel like they’re not “normal” because they’re not experiencing the typical enjoyment associated with warm weather. They may question why they feel anxious, restless, or down during what is supposed to be a joyful time of year. This internal conflict can contribute to feelings of shame or inadequacy, further isolating them from seeking help or support.

Challenges in Seeking Help. Because summer SAD is less well-known and understood than winter SAD, individuals experiencing symptoms may hesitate to reach out for assistance. They may fear being dismissed or misunderstood, leading them to suffer further in silence. This delay in seeking help can prolong their distress and exacerbate feelings. 

Tips for Coping with Summer SAD

If you suspect you may be experiencing symptoms of summer SAD,  Pugle (2023) offers a few steps you can take to alleviate its effects: 

1. Stay Cool: Keep your living space comfortably cool with fans or air conditioning 
2. Manage Exposure: Try to limit direct sunlight exposure during peak hours, seeking shade when outdoors. 
3. Maintain Routine: Stick to a regular sleep schedule and incorporate relaxation techniques into your daily routine 
4. Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated, especially during extremely hot days.
5. Seek Support: Don’t hesitate to reach out to a mental health professional if you’re struggling with seasonal mood changes. 

Some treatment options include: 

1. Light Therapy: Some individuals benefit from light therapy using a specially designed lightbox that mimics natural sunlight (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research [MFMER], 2022).
2. Medication: Antidepressant medications may be prescribed to help regulate mood and manage symptoms (Melrose, 2015)
3. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Therapy techniques such as CBT can be effective in identifying and modifying negative thought patterns associated with summer SAD (Melrose, 2015). 
4. Lifestyle Changes: Adopting healthy lifestyle habits such as regular exercise, maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, and managing stress can also help alleviate symptoms (Rothenburg, 2024). 

Embrace the Sun Mindfully 

As we celebrate National Sun Awareness Month, let’s embrace the sun’s benefits while prioritizing our skin health and mental well-being. By understanding the sun’s impact on our bodies and minds, we can make informed choices to enjoy the summer season safely and joyfully. 

Remember, each of us reacts differently to sunlight and seasonal changes. Listen to your body, and don’t hesitate to seek professional advice if you have concerns about your skin or mental health. 

Here’s to a sun-kissed, yet sun-smart, summer ahead! 

Stay sun-aware and stay well.  

^References 

_{Cleveland Clinic (n.d). Seasonal affective disorder (seasonal depression). Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9293-seasonal-depression}  

_{Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). (2022, March 30). Season affective disorder treatment: Choosing a light box. Mayo Clinic. May 12, 2024, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/seasonal-affective-disorder/in-depth/seasonal-affective-disorder-treatment/art-20048298} 

_{Melrose, S. (2015). Seasonal affective disorder: An overview of assessment and treatment approaches. Depression Research and Treatment, 2015, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/178564} 

_{Pugle, M. (2023, May 12). Summertime SAD: 11 Ways to Chase Away the Warm-Weather Blues. Everyday Health. May 12, 2024.}

_{Rosenthal, N. E. (2023). Defeating SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder): A guide to health and happiness through all seasons. G&D Media.} 

_{Rothenberg, M., Nussbaumer-Streit, B., Pjrek, E., & Winkler, D. (2024). Lifestyle modification as intervention for Seasonal affective Disorder: A systematic review. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 174, 209-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.03.053} 

_{Sarkar, S. (2017). Vitamin D for depression with a seasonal pattern: An effective treatment strategy. International Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Journal, 1(4). https://doi.org/10.15406/ipmrj.2017.01.00021} 

_{Siraji, M. A., Spitschan, M., Kalavally, V., & Haque, S. (2023). Light exposure behaviors predict mood, memory and sleep quality. Scientific Reports, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-39636-y}